Significance of Discoveries in Genetics and DNA Our understa

Significance of Discoveries in Genetics and DNA Our understanding of genetic inheritance and the function of DNA in producing the characteristics of the individual have been developing for more than 150 years. Consider our current state of knowledge.

Link genetic characteristics to DNA structure.

Explain how DNA through the process of protein synthesis is responsible for the ultimate expression of the characteristics in the organism.

Describe how interference in protein synthesis can result in disruption of cellular and bodily processes?

How does the significance of one class of proteins, the enzymes, relate?

Please answer all questions!

Solution

Answer:- The ultimate product of a gene is a polypeptide or protein which is produced by translation or protein biosynthesis. When a gene undegoes expression to produce protein that protein now behaves as an enzyme(mostly not always) and catalyses a biochemival reaction for example tyrosinase gene encodes tyrosinase enzyme that converts tyrosine into melanin (pigment) this gives skin colour dark, more dark, fair etc depending upon the amouny produced.

2:-If the protein synthesis is disrupted due to muation in the codons /deletion/substitution etc either there is premature chain or polypeptide termination or non functional polypeptde synthesis which is not able to perfom function hence character not forned if formed that would be mutant dofferent from normal phenotype.

3:-Its the enzyme the natural biological catalusts that catalyse biochemical reaction in our cells almost all reactions. For example krebs cuycle, glycolysis, fatty acid synthesis, degradation, kori cycle, urea cuycle etc all are carried by special class of proteins called enzymes which are produced from genes.