Name or state that category of the imbalance resulting from

Solution

(1)Increased respiratory rate will results in decrease in carbon dioxide, thus result in respiratory alkalosis.

(2) During renal failure, we will see decreased excretion of acids and decreased production of bicarbonate ions will occur. This will cause acidosis.

(3)The change in 1:20 ratio will be seen with metabolic acidosis. The normal ratio of 1 H₂CO₃: 20 HCO3^- will be disturbed resulting in 1H₂CO₃: 10 HCO₃^-, due to the reduction of HCO₃^- because of the presence of ketone, chlorides or organic acid ions.

Explanation:

The carbonic acid and bicarbonate ion will form the bicarbonate buffer system; in this the carbonic acid is formed from CO₂ and water.

In our body both respiratory system and kidneys will try control balance between bicarbonate ions (HCO₃^-) and carbonic acid (H₂CO₃).

Respiratory system role: During cell metabolism, CO₂ is releases which diffuse to the interstitial fluid and blood, here it will react with water to form H₂CO₃ and carbonic anhydrase will dissociate H₂CO₃ into 3 hydrogen ions and 1 bicarbonate.

Kidneys: this will generate more hydrogen ions and these ions will be excreted in the urine and the resultant bicarbonate ions will be returned to the blood.

The normal pH range of serum is 7.35 to 7.45. And the ratio of bicarbonate ion to carbonic acid should be maintained 20:1.