compare and contrast sensation and perception Define each te

compare and contrast sensation and perception. Define each term and include top-down and bottom-up processing in your response.

Solution

Sensation is the stimulation of a sensory receptor which produces neural impulses that the brain interprets as a sound,visual image,odor,taste,pain,etc.Sensation occurs when sensory organs absorb energy from a physical stimulus in the environment.Sensory receptors then convert this energy into neural impulses and send them to the brain.Sensation does not automatically occur;sensory processes must first convert stimulation into neural messages before any other processing can be formed.This process of transferring energy is termed transduction.
Perception means how we recognize,interpret,and organize our sensations.It is simply how our brain interprets a sensation.

A bottom-up process occurs when something unexpected is moving in the corner of your eye and catches your attention.This causes you to look over and react.The signal causing this chain of events originated in the environment,at the bottom of the sensory processing stream.In the bottom-up processing approach,perception starts at the sensory input,the stimulus.Thus,perception can be described as data-driven.It achieves recognition of an object by breaking it down into its component parts and mainly depends on sensory receptors.
A top-down process is like trying to find someone.You are looking for something,so higher-level brain areas prime the low level visual areas to detect that someone.Bottom is defined as regions that get direct sensory input,and top is any brain area that is far away from the bottom.In terms of the causal chain of events,bottom-up signals originate with a change in the environment,and top-down signals originate with a new internal goal.Top-down processing is defined as the development of pattern recognition through the use of contextual information.In this,the brain labels a particular stimulus or experience.