Childhood participation in sports cultural groups and youth

Childhood participation in sports, cultural groups, and youth groups appears to be related to improved self-esteem for adolescents (McGee, Williams, Howden-Chapman, Martin, & Kawachi, 2006). In a representative study, a sample of n = 100 adolescents with a history of group participation is given a standardized self-esteem questionnaire. For the general population of adolescents, scores on this questionnaire form a normal distribution with a mean of = 40 and a standard deviation of = 12. The sample of group-participation adolescents had an average of M = 43.84. Using a two-tailed test and = 0.01 to determine of the sample of adolescent\'s self-esteem is statistically, significantly different from the population.

H₀: The self-esteem for the sample of participants wil be (different/no different) Blank 1 than the population mean of = 40.

H₁: The self-esteem for the sample of participants wil be (different/no different) _____ than the population mean of = 40.

Each critical region consists of a proportion of sample means equal to (3 decimal places required) ______, which correspond to z-scores beyond the critical boundaries of (2 decimal places required) z = ±______.

The expected value of M is (no decimals required) ____, and the standard error of the mean is (1 decimal required)_______.

The z-score corresponding to our sample mean is (1 decimal required) ______, which is located (within/outside) _____ the boundaries of the critical region.

The effect size for our study has a Cohen\'s d value equal to (2 decimals required) _____, which is a (small/medium/large)______ effect.

Show work and explain process please.

Solution