ENVM 503 Homework Set 1 Spring 2017 Answer the questions bel

ENVM 503

Homework Set 1

Spring 2017

Answer the questions below. Submit your responses in an MS Word document via Blackboard. Please

include the question with your answer. Note: You may need to do additional research (outside of the

class slides and lectures) to answer some questions

fully.

1.

Classify each thing below as alive or not alive. Explain your reasoning using the five (5)

criteria for life.

Fire

Amoeba

Portabella mushroom

Salt crystals

Grass

2.

What are the primary differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? List

at least three

(3) differences.

3.

List the main differences between plant and animal cells.

4.

A man and woman both have brown eyes. One of their children has blue eyes. How is that

possible? Include a Punnett square in your explanation.

5.

Oculocutaneous al

binism is a group of conditions that affect coloring (pigmentation) of the skin,

hair, and eyes. Affected individuals typically have very fair skin and white or light

-

colored hair.

Though there are several variations of albinism, mutations in individual s

pecific genes are

responsible for each type. The mutations are recessive traits, and can be passed on for many

generations without anyone having a visible manifestation of the traits.

Create a pedigree diagram

:

The lineage should originate with a homo

zygous dominant female and a heterozygous

male

The F1 generation should have 4 offspring (2 males, 2 females), each with a different

one of the genotypes that can be found from a Punnett square combination of the P1

generation (i.e., each offspring corresp

onds to one quarter of the Punnett square; do

not use a quarter for more than one offspring, but you

may

end up with the same

genotype in multiple offspring due to the way the parents’ genes combine).

Each member of the F1 generation has 4 offspring with

a heterozygous (unrelated)

partner

a.

H

ow many

different genotypes can be found in the F2 generation? How many

individuals

have each genotype?

b.

In each generation, how many individuals will exhibit albinism?

Note:

Be sure that you have reviewed the additional information regarding pedigrees in the

Module 1 directory on Bb

.

ENVM 503

Homework Set 1

Spring 2017

6.

Explain briefly, in your own words, why an isolated population of individuals may exhibit a

greater prevalence of albinism or red hair (those

are examples; you do not have to incorporate

them specifically in your answer).

7.

In your own words, describe how

photosynthesis the basis for survival of all complex lifeforms

on earth.

Solution

1.

Classify each thing below as alive or not alive. Explain your reasoning using the five (5)

criteria for life.

living

Non living

Amoeba (reproduces)

Portabella mushroom (reproduces)

Fire

Salt crystals

Grass

2.

What are the primary differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? List

at least three

(3) differences.

Prokaryotic

Eukaryotic

Prokaryotic cells do not contain a nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelle.

They carry circular DNA

Bacteria are an example of prokaryotes.

Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, including a nucleus.

They carry linear DNA

Eukaryotes can be single-celled or multi-celled, such as you, me, plants, fungi, and insects.

3.

List the main differences between plant and animal cells.

Plant cells

Animal cells

Rectangular in shape

Has cell wall and membrane

Large Vacuoles present

Chloroplasts are generally present

Mostly circular

Has cell membrane

Small vacuoles

Chloroplasts are absent

living	Non living
Amoeba (reproduces) Portabella mushroom (reproduces)	Fire Salt crystals Grass