Which of the following i FALKD regarding protein folding int

Which of the following i FALKD regarding protein folding into alpha helix and beta strand structures? They typically comprise the core folded structure of all proteins. The allowable Phi Psi angles of bonds provide the energetic driving force for protein folding. They accommodate allowable Phi and Psi angles of the peptide bond. Virtually all of the peptide bond groups (carbonyls and aminos) are fully hydrogenbonded to other peptide bond groups. Make a diagram that incorporates the processes or things in the following alphabetical list. What does this diagram describe? mRNA Degradation Phenotype Protein Degradation Protein Folding Protein Function RNA Maturation Transcription Translation Describe an example of how a change in the nucleotide sequence can impact protein structure, function and organismal phenotype. Order the following (from 1 to 6) to correctly describe the hierarchy of protein structure: Domain Motif Primary Quaternary Secondary Tertiary

Solution

7) change in the nucleotide sequence can change the genetic message in DNA which in turn can cause change in the genetic code in mRNA. Change in genetic code will result in incorporation of different triplet codon in mRNA which will code for amino acid different than what would normally found in the protien. Incorporation of different amino acid in polypeptide chain, changes the entire protien structure.

Example;

Sickle cell amemia results due to abnormal structure in beta chain of haemoglobin. Haemoglobin is formed of 4 polypeptide chains; 2 alpha and 2 beta chains and each chain is encoded by different gene.

Beta chain is encoded by gene located on chromosome 11. Sickle cell anemia is caused due to mutation in the beta-haemoglobin gene on chromosome 11. In normal gene, sequence CTC in DNA is transcribed into codon CAG that codes for amino acid glutamic acid at the 6th position in beta chain. Due to susbtitution mutation,there occurs change in nucleotide sequence in DNA. Thiamine (T) is replaced by Adenine (A) in second position of sequence CTC Which chnages this sequence into CAC. This (CAC) sequence is transcribed into codon GUG, Which codes for valine.

Thus amino acid valine is incorporated at the 6th position of beta chain of haemoglobin instead of glutamic acid. Valine at the 6th positiin form hydrophobic bonds with complemetary sites of other globin molecules producing a haemoglobin molecule called as sickle cell haemoglobin.