For each of the arguments in 2026 determine whether or not t

For each of the arguments in 20-26, determine whether or not the argument is valid. 20. 1. If dogs are mammals, then all dogs are reptiles. 2. Dogs are mammals .3. All dogs are reptiles. All cacti are succulents. Not all succulents are cacti. Some cacti are succulents. 21. 1. 2. .. 3. 1. 2. 3. All cats are mortal. Socrates is mortal. Socrates is a cat. 22. .\'. 23. 1. Murder is always wrong. . 2. The death penalty should be illegal. 24. . Murder is always wrong. 2. Sometimes murder is not wrong .3. The death penalty should be illegal.

Solution

Answer:

20.This argument is valid .Even if Premise and Conclusion are false argument is logically valid.

21.This argument is not valid.Since all cact are succulents the argument that some cacti are succulents doesnt hold good.

22.This argument is invalid.The first argument says that Cat being a living thing is a mortal.Similarly Socrates being a living human is also a mortal.But Being Mortal is linked to all living things.Being Mortal does not necessarily mean it is a cat.So Socrates is not a cat.

23.This argument is valid.Even if Premise and Conclusion are false argument is logically valid.

24.The premise contradict each other, but argument is still valid because its impossible for the premise to be true and conclusion to be false at the same time.We can tell that both premises can’t be true at the same time, so it’s impossible to make a counterexample because that would require both premises to be true.