Hacking techniques and Counter Measures Please find the usag

Hacking techniques and Counter Measures.

Please find the usage and the required counter measures to avoid effects of the below commands. (PLEASE USE SCREEN SHOTS IF POSSIBLE)

d. dnstracer

Solution

Dnstracer determines where a given Domain Name Server (DNS) gets its information from, and follows the chain of DNS servers back to the servers which know the data. The tool works by sending the specified name-server a non-recursive request for the name. If the name server does returns an authoritative answer for the name, the next server is queried. If it returns an non-authoritative answer for the name, the name servers in the authority records will be queried. The program stops if all name-servers are queried.
1. Make sure the server you’re querying doesn’t do forwarding towards other servers, as dnstracer is not able to detect this for you.
2. It detects so called lame servers, which are name-servers which has been told to have information about a certain domain, but don’t have this information.