Homework SourseTable TITLE n 8 Outcome Exposure Diabetes No Diabetes Total
Table. TITLE (n =)
8
Outcome
Exposure
Diabetes
No Diabetes
Total
123
8
115
123
298
42
256
298
Total 421
50
371
421
Calculate the measure of association to determine the correlation between Vitamin D supplements and Type I diabetes, and provide a one-sentence professional write-up interpreting your result. (1)
F. Discussion of Finding: (1)
What can you say about cause-and-effect? In other words, can you say that the exposure causes the outcome? Why or why not?
Also, if you were to replicate this study, name one confounding variable you would measure and why? [Be sure to use the 3-part definition of confounding to explain why you choose the variable]
9.
Table. TITLE (n =)
Outcome
Exposure
Diabetes
No Diabetes
Total
Received Supplements 9124
67
9057
9124
Did not receive supplements 1242
14
1228
1242
Total 10366
81
10285
10366
What is the overall incidence of Type I Diabetes in the total sample (regardless of Vitamin D supplements)? (1)
Calculate the appropriate measure of association to determine the correlation between Type I Diabetes and Vitamin D supplements, and provide a one-sentence professional write-up interpreting your result that you would see in a journal article. (1)
F. Discussion of Finding: (1)
What can you say about cause-and-effect? [Can you say that the exposure causes the outcome?] Why or why not?
If you were a pediatric physician, based off this result, would you implement any strategies to encourage pregnant mothers to encourage Vitamin D supplements for their newborns? Why or why not?
| Outcome | |||
| Exposure | Diabetes | No Diabetes | Total |
| 123 | 8 | 115 | 123 |
| 298 | 42 | 256 | 298 |
| Total 421 | 50 | 371 | 421 |
Solution
Outcome
Exposure
Diabetes
No Diabetes
Total
123
8
115
123
298
42
256
298
Total 421
50
371
421
We solve by determining the relative ratios:
R.Ratio = [ 8/123 ] / [ 42 /298 ]
= 0.4614
Thus, people exposed to Vitamin D supplement are 0.46 times the risk of diabetes as opposed to those who haven\'t been.
Over here, Vitamin D supplement might not be the reason for the low number of Diabetic cases. Thus, establishing a cause and effect relationship might not be correct.
A confounding variable in this case may be age of the person as it might directly relate to the person consuming dietary supplements as well as the risk of him/her getting the disease.
The next table can be done similarly,
Outcome
Exposure
Diabetes
No Diabetes
Total
Received Supplements 9124
67
9057
9124
Did not receive supplements 1242
14
1228
1242
Total 10366
81
10285
10366
R Ratio = 0.6514
Thus, people exposed to Vitamin D supplement are 0.6514 times the risk of diabetes as opposed to those who haven\'t been.
Hope this helps.
| Outcome | |||
| Exposure | Diabetes | No Diabetes | Total |
| 123 | 8 | 115 | 123 |
| 298 | 42 | 256 | 298 |
| Total 421 | 50 | 371 | 421 |
