1 Which of the following can be used to show a causeandeffec

1. Which of the following can be used to show a cause-and-effect relationship between two variables?

a census

a controlled experiment

an observational study

a sample survey

a cross-sectional survey

2. In a hypothesis test, a P-value is

the probability that the null hypothesis is true

the probability that the alternative hypothesis is true

the probability that the population fits a normal distribution

the probability that we would get a sample result at least as extreme as the one we got, given that the null hypothesis is true

3. According to the Central Limit Theorem, as n increases, the distribution of sample means (x-bar) approaches

the population distribution.

a normal distribution.

a uniform distribution.

4. Which of the following is not a measure of spread or variability of a data set?

standard deviation

variance

Q3

IQR

a census

a controlled experiment

an observational study

a sample survey

a cross-sectional survey

Solution

1. a controlled experiment

2. the probability that we would get a sample result as it least as extreme given that the null hypothesis is true

3. a normal distribution

4. Q3

1. Which of the following can be used to show a cause-and-effect relationship between two variables? a census a controlled experiment an observational study a s

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