write in microsoft word the explaination of the hydraulic mo

write in microsoft word the explaination of the hydraulic models and similtude and its application in similarity studies.

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Solution

A model is a representation of a physical system used to predict the behavior of the system in some desired respect. The physical system for which the predictions are to be made is called prototype.

Usually model is smaller than the prototype so as to conduct laboratory studies and it is less expensive to construct and operate. However, in certain situations, models are larger than the prototype e.g. study of the motion of blood cells whose sizes are of the order of micrometers.

Similitude in a general sense is the indication of a known relationship between a model and prototype i.e. model tests must yield data that can be scaled to obtain the similar parameters for the prototype.

There are many similarities are used in models and prototypes are as follows:

1) geometric similarity

2) kinematics similarity

3) dynamic similarity

Applications are as follows:

1)Similitude\'s main application is in hydraulic and aerospace engineering to test fluid flow conditions with scaled models.

2)Another application of similitude is to replace the operating fluid with a different test fluid. Wind tunnels, for example, have trouble with air liquefying in certain conditions so helium is sometimes used.

3)Another use of similitude and models is in validation of computer simulations with the ultimate goal of eliminating the need for physical models altogether.

4)Similitude analysis is a powerful engineering tool to design the scaled-down structures. However, the design of a scaled-down structure which is perfectly similar to its prototype has the practical limitation, especially for laminated structures.