Describe example applications of genetic engineering and rec

Describe example applications of genetic engineering and recombinant DNA technology.

Solution

The process used to change the gene of an organism to give it useful new traits is known as \"genetic engineering.\" Cloning is the process of production of the “genetically identical copy,” either of the animal or human, and the resultant identical copy is called as “clone.” The methods used to clone the DNA or to copy the DNA is known as “recombinant DNA technology. This is previously known as “gene splicing.”

We all carry the data that directs the cellular process in the form of genes. The number of genes present in all of us are same, but the way that they are expressed is different from each cell to cell and organism to organism. This makes all the difference between the organisms. Abnormal expression of some of the genes is responsible for genetic diseases and cancer.

However, scientists can change the expression of genes under the controlled environment such as by exposure to radiation and chemicals. This alters the cell behaviour because gene expression is altered. For example, if the genes synthesizing insulin (depletion of this enzyme causes diabetes) are more expressed, more insulin will be synthesized. So that it will be useful in the treatment of diabetes.

Similar to this, scientists can also regulate the gene expression process during the embryonic life. Designer babies are the genetically engineered babies, whose gene expression is changed to improve the characters such as improving skills, physical appearance, and suppression of disease-causing genes. Thus, the baby will have desired characteristics, while avoiding the inheritance of harmful or unwanted characters. This is generally done prior to the implantation (embryo screening) or sometimes done with oocytes and needs in-vitro fertilization.

Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) or food crops are the other examples of genetic engineering and recombinant DNA technology.