What is the purpose of the energy extracted from ATP in this

What is the purpose of the energy extracted from ATP in this figure? to power a chemical reaction between sodium and potassium to transport glucose across the membrane to power a chemical reaction between sodium and glucose to generate a sodium concentration gradient

Solution

Answer: to generate a sodium concentration gradient

Reason:

In the above diagram, it has clearly observed the sodium -glucose symport enable the transport of glucose monomers after digestion into the intestinal epithelial cells via microvilli (improve absorption) finally into the interstitial space followed by movement of glucose into the blood down the concentration gradient (crossing basilar membrane). Primary active transport using Na+-K+-ATPase improves movement sodium inside and potassium outside using energy followed by “building up of interstitial sodium concentration”. Sodium –glucose symport has considered as secondary active transport as it is a co-transporter.

The sodium-glucose linked transporter (SGLTs, a co-transporter) uses the energy generated by the ATPase pump through the downhill sodium ion gradient for the glucose transportation across the apical membrane (against the glucose gradient). SGLTs are an example of secondary active transport. The glucose transporters (GLUT) present in the basolateral membrane now allow the glucose transport into the peritubular capillaries. Inhibition of the Na+/K+/ATPase fails to generate energy required for the SGLT secondary transporters, which inhibits glucose uptake.