PLEASE ANSWER IN 3 PARAGRAPHS 1You have a research laborator

PLEASE ANSWER IN 3 PARAGRAPHS

1.You have a research laboratory and are interested in designing a vaccine to prevent infection by a newly identified species of toxin-producing bacteria.  Outline what type of vaccine strategy may be employed and justify your answer based on your knowledge of the immune response to bacteria that produce toxins and the types of vaccines that may be constructed to prevent infection.   Then describe how this vaccine would be tested for efficacy.

Solution

Microbial toxins promote infection and disease by directly damaging host tissues and by disabling the immune system. Some bacterial toxins, such as Botulinum neurotoxins, are the most potent natural toxins known.

A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins or one of its surface proteins. The agent stimulates the body\'s immune system to recognize the agent as a threat, destroy it, and keep a record of it so that the immune system can more easily recognize and destroy any of these microorganisms that it later encounters. Vaccines can be prophylactic (example: to prevent or ameliorate the effects of a future infection by any natural or \"wild\" pathogen), or therapeutic (e.g., vaccines against cancer are being investigated).

The following are important considerations in the effectiveness of a vaccination program:

Killed/inactivated vaccines

The term killed generally refers to bacterial vaccines, whereas inactivated relates to viral vaccines. Typhoid was one of the first killed vaccines to be produced. The adaptive immune response to a killed/inactivated vaccine is very similar to a toxoid vaccine with the exception that the antibody response generated is directed against a much broader range of antigens.

The efficacy or performance of the vaccine is dependent on a number of factors: