I have a few questions for my biochem test that I need help

I have a few questions for my biochem test that I need help on. Thanks

What is precision medicine? (Personal diagnostics)

How to increase reaction efficiency?

How to separate mixed protein samples?

Why some drugs failed for long-term cancer treatments?

When you design biomarkers for a disease, what is the best strategy?

Solution

1. Precision medicine is used in treatment of individual whose genetic composition is known to whci the drug is targeted. Precision medicine considers genetics, environemnt and lifestyle of every individual and medicine is used to treat accordingly. this enables the treatment of specific disease in specific group of individuals. This is contrast to one medicine to all and delivers medicine as part of treatment aiming individual or group of people specifically. For example, during the blood transfusion, the blood group of donor and recipient is tested for matching of the blood group to avoid further complications and reducing the risk.

2. Reaction efficiency is increased when the drug is targeted to respective destination in required concentration or dosage. It is important to know the effective dose during treatmet and prescribed accordingly. The appropriate dose enhances the efficiency of drug in treating the ailment.

3. Mixed proteins are seperated by affinity or ion exchange chromatography. In affinity chromatography gel with different sizes is used to elute proteins of different sizes. In ion exchange chromatography, resins with positive and negative charges are used that separate the proteins according to their respective charge.

4. Two types of chemotherapy drugs act on cell cycle and are called cell cycle phase-nonspecific and cell cycle phase-specific drugs. The cell cycle phase-nonspecific drugs exhibit their activity during all phases of cell cycle like replication, proliferation and resting phase (G₀). The cell cycle phase-specific chemotherapy drugs show their effect during specific phases of cell cycle. The chemotherapy drugs are administered through multiple roots and IV root being the most common.

Several drug formulations have been discovered to use as oral chemotherapy agents. Safe handling of chemotherapy drugs is very important because they may be hazardous to personal who are handling them. Single drug therapy and multidrug therapies are available to effectively manage several types of cancers. The drug regimens are preferred depending on the supportive evidence to be used in specific cancers. Resistance to chemotherapy is sometimes observed and it can be treated with multiple drugs that work at different target phases of cell cycle.The resistance of drugs is due to long time usage and due to this cells lose the ability to respond to the drug.