25 What produces the dipole of a water molecule Describe the

25. What produces the dipole of a water molecule? Describe the inter-molecular and intra-molecular bonds in water.

Solution

Water molecule has one electronegative oxygen atom which is covalently bonded to two hydrogen atoms each of which shares an electron pair with the central oxygen atom. The more electronegative oxygen nucleus attracts electrons more strongly than does the hydrogen nucleus which in turn makes the sharing of electrons between H and O unequal. The electrons are more close to the oxygen atom than of the hydrogen. This unequal electron sharing results in two electric dipoles in the water molecule wherein each hydrogen atom carries a partial positive charge and the oxygen atom carries a partial negative charge.
The dipole results in an electrostatic attraction between the oxygen atom of one water molecule and the hydrogen of another. This electrostatic attraction makes intermolecular hydrogen bonds.