Homework SourseUsing the knowledge you gathered throughout this module and
Solution
Mutations are the sudden changes and the random events that take place and these mutations generally occur at cellular level.
Cells carry the codes for the characteristics of individual in a thread like structures called chromosomes.
These chromosomes contain the double stranded DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and this DNA will carry and determine the characteristics of a living being.
When mutations occur in the cells any alterations in the cells may lead to point mutations, chromosomal mutations etc. The point mutations may be the nonsense mutation which converts the amino acid codon into terminate codon, missense codon codes for different amino acid, silent mutation codes for same amino acid.
Some of the causes of the spontaneous point mutations are the deamination of the cytosine to uracil in DNA.
The replication process leads to mutant daughter cell in which the thymine and adenine base pair is replaced by the cytosine and guanine base pair.
Another important cause of the spontaneous point mutation is the copying errors during DNA replication.
Genetic disorders that caused by the point mutations are the cancer, cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia, neurofibromatosis, color blindness.
Chromosomal crossing over may lead to the chromosomal mutations. The chromosomal mutations may be the translocations, inversions, deletions, duplications.
Translocation is the replacement of the genes by any other, inversion is the some region of the chromosome get change its position, deletion is the removal of part of the chromosome , duplication is the more than one chromosome .
The chromosomal mutation is the abnormal number of chromosomes that is aneuploidy. This leads to turners syndrome, down’s syndrome, klinefelter’s syndrome etc.
Thus the cellular events occur that are affected in the genetic disorder that is result of either point or chromosomal mutation.
