Discuss the four general causes of edema Discuss the four ge

Solution

ANS:

General four causes of Edema:

1. Hydrostatic pressure increasing in body:

Increasing in local intra vascular pressure can results from impaired venous return.

Generally increased venous pressure, which results systemic edema occurs mostly in Congestive heart failure.

2.In decreasing Plasma Oncotic Pressure:

  A. Decreased synthesis in liver (end stage of liver diseases).

B. Increased ions loss of urine (nephrotic syndrome) or stool (protein losing enteropathy).

C. Inadequate intake (kwashiokar).

3. Lymphatic obstruction:

Impaired lymphatic drainage and resulting lymph edema is usually localized. Can results in inflammation.

   A. Elephantiasis.

   B. Edema of the arm following surgical resection of axillary lymph nodes.

   C. Edema of hand following post irradiation fibrosis.

4. Increased capillary permeability:

A. increasing capillary Hydrostatic pressure

Kidney causes more retention of water and salts (renal failure).

Excess of mineral corticoids (aldosterone).

B. High venous pressure

Heart failure, decrease of venous returns (Obstruction, decreased venous pump activity).

C. Decreased arteriolar pressure.