Other diseases called collagen vascular diseases affect the

Other diseases, called collagen vascular diseases, affect the protein collagen, the main component of collagen fibers Predict the possible consequences of defective collagen fibers on specific organs an tissues. How would the effects of a collagen vascular disease that affected only the collagen in reticular fibers effects seen with question 2? Why?

Solution

2. ANS:

Collagen:

It is the most abundant animal protein on earth. It is present in the extra cellular spaces bones, tendons, ligaments, gums, teeth and wall of blood vessels.

It is a homo dimer, made up of 3 identical polypeptide chains. The sequence of collagen is rich in glycine and prolins and the sequence is Glycine – Proline – Hydroxy proline.

In the body 90% of the collagen is Type I collagen.

Type I: skin, tendon, vascular ligature, organs and bone

Type II: cartilage

Type III: reticulate

Type IV: forms basal lamina, the epithelium-secreted layer of the basement membrane.

Type V: cell surfaces, hair and placenta

Most of the collagen diseases are arisen due to the genetic defects or nutritional deficiencies.

1. Osteogenesis imperfect: It is a type I collagen autosomal disorder. In this bones and connective tissue are affected.

2. Chondrodysplasias: It is a type II collagen disease, mainly caused by mutations. In this skeletal bone are affected.

3. Alport syndrome: It is a genetic disorder. In this disorder kidneys and eyes are mostly affected in during the childhood.

4. Osteoporosis: It is mainly associated with reduced levels of collagen in the skin and bones.

5. Scurvy: It is mainly associated with vitamin C. Multiple collagen tissues are affected and leads to bleeding gums, loose of tooth, bones are fragile and internal hemorrhage.

3. ANS:

Elastic collagen disorders are mainly caused by different mutations. Among this some types are lethal, leading to the rupture of arteries. This type of disorder occurs with the elastic collagen accumulation and elastotic degeneration.

Ehlers Danlos syndrome is ten different types of disorder. Type III collagen mutation caused this disorder.