For ATP to perform phosphorylation in Ca2 ATPase it requires

For ATP to perform phosphorylation in Ca^2+ ATPase it requires the cofactor Mn Fe Mg Cu The first step in Ca^2+ ATPase action is the inclusion of Ca^2+ in the domain T, s N P A Ca^2+ gets released from Ca^3+ ATPase after phosphorylation after ADP release before phosphorylation after Pi release The number of domains besides transmembrane in Ca^2+ ATPase is 1 2 3 4 Aquaporins impede the passage of protons by binding water to residues of Asn Asp Tyr His Receptors are more likely to be found in phagocytosis macrophages pinocytosis granulocytes When epinephrine binds to the adrenergic receptor causes the replacement of: GMP GDP GTP ATP The unit of G protein that separates from the complex is alpha beta gamma delta The formation of cAMP from ATP produces also Pi PPi ADP AMP Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase is involved in the formation of cAMP 3\'-AMP 5\'-AMP ADP For adenylyl cyclase to be activated it needs the attachment of GTP alone GTP plus GSa Gsa alone GDP plus GSa cAMP in epinephrine action is considered to be a first messenger second messenger third messenger fourth messenger The Ca^2+ channel in the ER is non-gated gated by IP_3 gated by DAG gated by PIP_2

Solution

18. the correct option is b. this is because the binding of epinephrine causes the replacement of GDP by GTP; activating the s subunit of G protein.

19. The unit of G protein that separates from the complex is the alpha subunit that is option a. This is because upon activation of the GPCR protein the alpha subunit separates from the complex after the GDP-GTP exchange.

20. The correct option is b. Upon formation of CAMP Pyrophosphate is released by the action of adenyl cyclase.

21. The correct option is b. The enzyme catalyzes the secondary messengers that are cAMP and cGMP by regulating its localization and duration.

22. the correct option is c. The alpha subunit of G protein is responsible for the activation of adenyl cyclase. Upon activation of G protein by any neurotransmitter or lipid molecule, adenyl cyclase gets activated for the activation of cAMP.

23. the correct option is b that is the second messenger. the epinephrine action uses as cAMP as a secondary messenger which in turn passes on the signal and results in stimulation of a signaling pathway.

24 the correct option is b that is gated by IP_3. This is due to the response to GPCRs.