Both bacterial and eukaryotic chromosomes are very compact E

Both bacterial and eukaryotic chromosomes are very compact. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of compacting genomes as they do.

Solution

Yes, in both the prokaryotes and eukaryotes, the genome is condensed. Chromosomes also contain DNA bound proteins, which serve to “package” the DNA and there by controls its functions. Nuclear chromosomes are packaged by proteins into a condensed structure called “chromatin,” so that the elongated DNA molecule can fit into the nucleus. Hence, chromosomes contain DNA and proteins.

Genome, in its condensed form, it is not accessible to the transcription factors, and other factors required for the DNA replication and recombination. This is overcome by the histone modifying proteins modify these histone at different sites and make the genome accessible to all the regulatory enzymes. These histone modifying enzymes act by different mechanisms such as methylation, demethylation, acetylation, deamination, and phosphorylation.