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Solution

Ans. ppm means part per million i.e. 1 ppm = 1 part in a million or 10⁶

Assume a solute A dissolved in water. If there is 1 g A in 10⁶ g aqueous solution, then the concentration is 1 ppm (i.e. 1 in 10⁶). The same can be converted into several units.

Ok, let’s go a bit further: 1 g A in 10⁶ g solution

1. 1 ppm = 1 g A in 10⁶ g solution

                        = 1000 mg in 10⁶ g                             ; [1 g = 10³ mg]

                        = 1000 mg in 10⁶ x 10^-3 kg                 ; [1 g = 10^-3 kg]          

                        = 1000 mg in 10³ kg

                        = 1 mg in 1 kg

            Thus, 1 ppm = 1 mg/ kg

2. Assuming the solution to be aqueous and it’s density to be equal to that of water (1.0 g mL^-1),

            Volume of 1.0 kg solution = mass / density

                                                            = 1000 g / (1.0 g /mL) = 1000 mL = 1.0 L

So, 1.0 g solution = 1.0 L

Or, 1 ppm = 1 mg/ kg = 1 mg/L

1 ppm = 1 mg/ kg is also referred to ppmm i.e. ppm by mass. Similarly, 1 ppm = 1 mg/L is also referred to ppmv i.e. ppm by volume.

Now, Converting to ppm:

Step 1: calculate the number of moles of the solute-

            Number of moles, n = Molarity x volume (liters) of solution

Step 2: Mass of the solute

            Mass of the solute = number of moles x molar mass

Step 3: concentration in ppm

            [solute] in ppm = mass (in mg) of solute / mass (kg) of solution      ; OR

            [solute] in ppm = mass (in mg) of solute / volume (Liters) of solution