Although O1 does not participate directly in the reactions o

Although O_1 does not participate directly in the reactions of the TCA cycle, the cycle operates only under aerobic conditions. Briefly explain this fact. How many ATP molecules are generated during the complete oxidative degradation of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to CO_2 and H_2O? Assume the glycerol phosphate shuttle is operating and show how you arrived at your answer. A 24-year-old male suffers from a muscle disorder, dementia, and several other neurological problems. A skeletal muscle biopsy is obtained, the intact mitochondria isolated, and respiratory activities measured under the following conditions: For the normal control, explain the basis for the increase in oxygen consumption following the addition of ADP + P. Then provide an explanation for increases in O_2 consumption when DNP (2.4- dinitrophenol) is added. Explain the differences observed in the patient\'s mitochondria. What possible defects would explain these results? Suppose that fragments of sonicated mitochondria from normal subjects and from the patient are used with pyruvate and malate as substrates. How would you expect the results of the experiment to differ from those using intact mitochondria? Provide a brief explanation for your answer. Indicate which of the conditions listed in the right column increase the activity of the glycolysis or

Solution

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The oxygen does not participate directly in the TCA cycle reactions, the cycle operates only under aerobic conditions because NADH & FADH2 is generated from citric acid cycle followed by reoxidation & regeneration of this NADH into NAD+ occurs inside the cycle. So that this NAD+ an FAD are going to get accumulated in the absence of oxygen further slowing down the TCA cycle therefore, oxygen is a chief electron acceptor to regenerate NADH