The figure is from Dementia and Alzheimer Disease Incidence

The figure is from: Dementia and Alzheimer Disease Incidence: A Prospective Cohort Study (JAMA, 2002, Vol 59, No. 11). Read the caption to select which criteria for causality that the figure satisfies. Fill in the criteria in the space provided. Do this task for all five figures. Age and the incidence of Alzheimer disease for persons with an apolipoprotein E 4 allele compared with persons without an apolipoprotein E e4 allele. Person-years were calculated by dividing the number of cases by the number of person-years of exposure within 5-year intervals starting at the age of 65 years (these are multiplied by 1000 to get rates per 1000 person-years). What causes Dementia & Alzheimer? Could APOE e4 Allele be a risk factor? This image is a reminder that statistical significant is often set at a p-value of 0.05. This means only 5% of the time an epidemiologist will find the exposure-disease relationship by chance. Temporal Relationship Dose-Response Relationship Consistency (Biological) Plausibility Strength of Association

Solution

1. Dementia and Alzheimer\'s disease could be caused by APOE e4 allele. This allele is considered as a risk factor. This relastion is explained by the criteria biological plausibility. Plausibility is defined as a plausible mechanism between cause and effect is helpful and further establishment of specific causes is needed. Option 2 is correct.

2. The statistical significance of study set at p - value 0.05 or 5% significant level idicates, the strength of study. This means, the study coincides with 95% of the cause and effect. Therefore, thi criteria is related to strength of association. Option 5 is correct.