Part IV Options Dr Simmons continued Im going to refer you

Part IV – Options

Dr. Simmons continued. “I’m going to refer you to a local endocrinologist, someone who specializes in

disorders like this. She will probably order a radioactive iodine uptake test and a thyroid scan to confi rm that

you have Graves’ disease and determine the best way to treat it.”

At Ellie’s look of alarm, he explained. “Don’t worry … the amount of radioactivity is very small and not

harmful, so you won’t start to glow. Th e thyroid gland incorporates iodine into its hormones, and if we tag

the iodine with radioactivity, we can measure the amount of iodine taken up by the thyroid.”

Ellie jumped in. “And if my thyroid is overactive, it will use more iodine than it should, right?”

“Exactly,” responded the doctor. “Assuming that your uptake is elevated, there are several ways to treat your

condition. Unfortunately, we can’t cure it. However, there are some medications that can help, and another

procedure that involves radioactive iodine. Surgery to remove the thyroid is also an option, although not

a common one anymore. Th e endocrinologist will evaluate your test results and help you choose the best

treatment. Until then, I’m going to prescribe a beta-blocker that should help lower your heart rate and

reduce that nervous feeling you’ve had.”

Several weeks later, Ellie dropped her backpack beside the chair in Dr. Kern’s offi ce and sat down with her

latest physiology exam and a smile. “I think there’s hope!”

“I agree. Tell me about this dramatic turn-around,” Dr. Kern smiled in return. Ellie was still very thin and her

blue eyes startlingly wide. However, the fi dgeting and shakiness were gone and the overall impression was

one of calmness and purpose.

Ellie explained how a sinus infection led to discovery of her thyroid disorder. “I’m taking some medication

now until the radioactive iodine treatment becomes eff ective, and I feel so much better. I can sleep, I can

concentrate, and I think I can pull up my grade enough to pass the course!”

Dr. Kern smiled again. “So often signs of stress are just that, but occasionally there is another explanation.

I’m so glad you found out what was going on sooner rather than later, and I’m sure this will reduce your

stress levels even further. We’ll look for even better results on the next exam.”

Ellie laughed. “Oh, it covers the thyroid gland. I think I can ace that part!”

Questions

. Ellie is a -year-old female. Do some research on the average age of onset and any gender diff erences

in Graves’ disease to see if Ellie’s diagnosis is unusual.

. How are beta-blockers like propranolol helpful as an initial treatment for Graves’ disease? Do they

have any eff ect in reducing thyroid hormone levels or do they counter the eff ects of the hormones?

. After Ellie’s diagnosis of Graves’ disease was confi rmed by the uptake test, her endocrinologist

explained several options for long-term treatment, which are listed below. For each treatment, describe

the major advantages and disadvantages.

a. Anti-thyroid medications (methimazole, propylthiouracil)—these medications slow the

production of thyroid hormones.

b. Radioactive iodine—a stronger dose of radioactive iodine is given to gradually destroy the thyroid

gland.

c. Surgery—part or all of the thyroid gland is removed.

Solution

1. ANS:

       According to this case study, Ellie’s case is normal. It is not a rare case because the Graves Disease is most commonly identified in women after 20+ ages.

2. ANS:

       In the initial treatment of Graves Disease Beta Blockers are very helpful due to the nature of specifically blocking tissues B receptors. Beta Blockers are also can able to prevent adrenaline & other similar compounds side effects on the body and these B-receptors can reduce T 4 hormone level, which is directly associated with the T 3 hormone.

3A. ANS:

Anti-thyroid medications Advantages and Disadvantages:

Advantages:

The medication plays a significant role in Graves’ disease. It reduced the symptoms of disease by preventing the production of thyroid hormones in body.

Disadvantages:

1. Skin rashes and itching

2. Nausea

3. Heartburn

4. Loss of taste

3B. ANS:

Radioactive iodine Advantages and Disadvantages:

Advantages:

Radioactive iodine treatment was given in a small pill. So there is no usually a difficulty in this treatment.

Disadvantages:

It causes delayed hypothyroidism due to the usage of high radioactive iodine in the treatment.

3C. ANS:

Surgery Advantages and Disadvantages:

Advantages:

In the condition of hyperthyroidism, surgery is the most preferable treatment because it has few complications (low mortality rates, avoid risks from radioactive iodine and anti-thyroid medications)

Disadvantages:

In some time surgery may results…

1. Bleeding

2. Damages vocal cords and larynx

3. Thyroid hormones level increases.