Consider the above diagram where laptop on the top is commun

Consider the above diagram where laptop on the top is communicating through the router to an external computer using IPV4 protocol. Please provide the exact contents of as many fields as you can for one of the frames that are sent out. You do not have enough information to provide contents of ALL the fields. Assume that the type field is used as \"Type\".

Solution

In the above diagram it is not clearly showing the complete information that we require when we have to make connection set up during configuration. Now let’s take a scenario of having this diagram with using IPv4 protocol.

Laptop with IP address 10.0.0.1/8 with subnet mask 255.0.0.0

And router interface with IP address 192.168.0.1/24 with subnet mask of 255.255.255.0

Since both router and router belongs to the different network. If you want communication to happen then ping response should be ok from both send, in order to do so we need to set-up complete routing protocol and configuration.

In computer you can add IP address in TCP/IPv4 as:-

Ip address:-10.0.0.1

Subnet mask:- 255.0.0.0

Default Gateway:- 192.168.0.1

That’s is the basic configuration that you need to put in the Computer.

Now coming into the router where you have to do IP configuration and running routing protocol as under:-

Basically there are three modesof router ,

User mode

Privilege mode

Configure mode

In configuration mode you need to enter into the specific interface and give and ip address as 192.168.0.1

Ip address 192.168.0.1 255.0.0.0

And then bring port up by typing “no shut down”, then the port will come up

After doing basic configuration, you can apply protocol or static routing in order to make communication between two routers from different networks. Basically router helps to connect many different networks together for that we require routing protocol or static routing. Protocols can be RIP (routing information protocol), EIGRP (enhanced interior gateway routing protocol), OSPF(open shortest path first),BGP(border gateway routing protocol).

While we are talking about Layer-2 set up like switches, frames are being sent across network, since switch only send frames to the specific port with the help of ARP (address resolution protocol). Here only mac address (physical address) is being used to send frames across LAN network.

If we connect PCs in a switch, then only frames are used to keep in switch data in mac address table to keep known where and which PC is located in which port of switch. So if we are talking router than only IP address is being used to send packets to the other network and if we are talking switch then only frames are being sent to the same network where we don’t require router. If PCs are connected in a switch they sent broadcast message to all PCs connected to the switch and then PCs will give response to that address then that address is kept in MAC table in switch.