Read Abstract 2 below and identify the Independent Variables

Read Abstract #2 below and identify the Independent Variable(s): Abstract ft2: Chronic Alcohol intake, resistance training, and muscle androgen receptor content. Chronic alcohol intake and resistance training (RT) have opposite effects on muscle physiology. This study examined the effect of chronic alcohol intake on androgen receptor (AR) content in skeletal muscle to determine whether this effect was influenced by RT. A total of 48 male Sprague Dawley rats (mass: 456 plusminus 1 g) were divided into five groups: baseline (N = 8), sedentary-alcohol (Sed-Al) (N = 8), sedentary-normal diet (Sed-Nml) (N = 8). exercise-alcohol (Ex-AI) (N = 12), and exercise-normal diet (Ex-Nml) (N = 12). Exercise groups completed a 6 1/3-week \"squat\" RT protocol; alcohol groups received an ethanol-rich (35% caloric content of alcohol) diet throughout the 6 1/3-wk period. All diets were isocaloric. Baseline animals were killed at the onset of the 6 1/3-wk training period. Results (as determined by Western blot analysis) showed no effect of alcohol or RT on the AR of the extensor digitorum longus. Alcohol significantly reduced AR content of the rectus femoris (P

Solution

B.Chronic Alcohol intake and C. Resistance Training.

Chronic Alcohol intake:

Health reaction associated with alcohol intake in huge amounts incorporate an increased danger of alcoholism, chronic pancreatitis, alcoholic liver disease, malnutrition, and cancer. In incorporation, destruction to the central nervous organization and peripheral nervous organization can transpire from chronic alcohol abuse.