Ready to kick it up a notch That is the question on an ad fo

\"Ready to kick it up a notch?\" That is the question on an ad for 5-hour ENERGY EXTRA Strength (product image and ingredients listed above). Keep in mind that caffeine tablets (i.e., NoDoz) usually contain approximately 100 mg and the dose is typically 1 tablet; Repeat dose should not be taken within 3 hours: No more than 5 tablets in 24 hours; LD50 = 150 mg/kg; acute caffeine toxicity occurs beyond 600 mg/24 hours) is a stimulant used to help an individual stay awake and alert. Three students (A, B and C) have taken two bottles (doses) of 5-hour ENERGY EXTRA Strength within a three hour period. Student A (150 lbs.) and student C (215 lbs.) are asymptomatic, but student B (165 lbs.) began to experience headaches, nausea, muscle tremors, excessively frequent urination, and fainting from severe dehydration. Calculate the Energy Blend dosage taken by the students and explain what is happening to student B. Include in your answer possible reason(s) for differences between the students responses. Be sure to show your work. You are also required to look up normal daily recommended amounts for the vitamins (Niacin, B6, Folic Acid, and B_12) and compare them to the levels in this product. At what levels will these compounds become toxic?

Solution

student A=150lbs=68.04kg

student B=165lbs= 74.84kg

student C=215lbs=97.5kg

One bottle of the 5-hour energy shot contains 12 ounce of caffeine.

One ounce of coffee contains about 11.3 mg of caffeine.

one bottle of the 5 hour energy shot contains about 12x11.3mg= 135.6mg of caffeine

Since not more that 5 tablets of 100mg caffeine content should be taken within 24 hours, you should not take more than 500mg of caffeine within 24 hours.

LD50 =150 mg/kg of body weight.

All three students have taken 2 bottles of the 5-hour energy shot within 3 hours period.

Ther energy blend is 2000mg which contains various chemicals including caffeine.

Energy blend dosage taken by each student is 4000mg.
Student B is most likely suffering from hypernatremia due to increase in blood sodium levels which can be due to diabetes insipidus or mellitus. As people with diabetes suffer from frequent urination, it can increase the blood sodium levels and the 5-hour energy shot contains 18mg of sodium (normal level is 3.10 mg/ml to 3.34 mg/ml). Other symptoms experienced by student B are due to hypernatremia.

Niacin: normal level of intake is 14-18mg per day. Upper intake level is 35mg by mouth. Niacin become toxic at doses exceeding 3g/day.
B6: normal intake level is 1.3-1.7mg per day. It becomes toxic at 1000mg per day or more.
Folic Acid: normal intake level is 400-1000 micrograms per day. folic acid has very low potential of toxicity
B12: normal intake level is 2.4-2.8 mg daily. B12 also has low possibility of toxicity.

Folic acid and B12 are within normal daily consumption level. Even though Niacin and B6 are higher than the normal consumption level it still does not reach a level which can prove toxic to the body.