QUESTION 16 Which statement about the burden of childhood il

QUESTION 16

Which statement about the burden of childhood illness in the under-5 age group is true?

            A. South Asia has the highest rates of under-5 mortality.

            B. Almost half of the under-5 mortality occurs in only four large countries.

            C. About 80% of the under-5 deaths occur among neonates.

            D. The rate of under-5 mortality in sub-Saharan Africa is about 25 times that in high-income countries.

QUESTION 17

Which statement about the prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS is true?

            A. One cost-effective measure to reduce maternal-to-child transmission of HIV is to avoid unwanted pregnancies of HIV-positive women through contraception.

            B. It is no longer necessary to screen voluntary blood donors for HIV/AIDS because the storage process kills the virus in the blood.

            C. People with HIV are started on treatment when their CD4 count drops to 200, according to the latest WHO guidelines.

            D. Needle exchange programs for injecting drug users have not shown much success in reducing the incidence of HIV infection.

QUESTION 18

Which statement about the prevention and treatment of TB is false?

            A. DOTS is a cost-effective approach to TB treatment.

            B. WHO recommends starting antiretroviral therapy for anyone who is HIV-positive who has TB.

            C. Any responsible individual can be a DOTS provider.

            D. The BCG vaccine is important in reducing the transmission of TB.

QUESTION 19

Anxiety disorders are a leading cause of DALYs among:

            A. Females, ages 10–14

            B. Males, ages 10–14

            C. Males, ages 15–19

            D. Females, ages 15–19

QUESTION 20

Case fatality rate is:

            A. The proportion of people exposed to a disease that contract the disease

            B. The proportion of people with a disease that die

            C. The proportion of people with a disease that die from the disease

            D. The proportion of people infected with a disease that survive the disease

Solution

1. Child mortality or under-5 mortality refers to the death of infants and children under the age of five or between the age of one month to four years. About half of the child deaths occurs in sub-saharan Africa. So, the option D is correct.

2. Option C is the correct answer. Diagnosis of HIV/AIDS is based on a criteria that CD4 count is less than 200 cells/mm^3. A low CD4 is a sign that HIV has severly damaged the immune system.