Evaluate the adaptations for drought flooding and salt toler

Evaluate the adaptations for drought, flooding, and salt tolerance that enhance the plant survival.

Solution

Plants are adapted to drought by modifying their morphological and physiological characteristics such as cuticle that reduces transpiration, closed stomata and reduce leaf surface area, by accelerating senescence.

For flooding the plants are adapted by two strategies known as quiescence and escape. Quiescence reduces carbohydrate consumption and recommence during normal conditions. Whereas, in case of escape strategy the plant undergoes the fast elongation of internodes and also maintain low metabolic activity for months to continue growth.

Salt tolerance in Plants are adapted at various levels such as physiological and biochemical mechanisms. The principle mechanisms include, ion homeostasis and compartmentalization,  ion transport and uptake,  biosynthesis of osmo protectants and compatible solutes,  activation of antioxidant enzyme and synthesis of antioxidant compounds,  synthesis of polyamines,  generation of nitric oxide (NO), and  hormone modulation.