Clinical lab Define purulent and sanguineous Distinguish b

Clinical lab:

• Define “purulent” and “sanguineous”

• Distinguish between “exudate” and “transudate” and implications of each.

• Distinguish GPC in clusters from GPC in chains in terms of probable organism type.

• What is the treatment advantage of rapid latex agglutination over culture, if any?

Solution

Purulent is defined as any thing that contains or lookalike or forms pus. For example a purulent discharge or drainage means pus containing discharge or drainage or exudate.

Sanguineous: anything that looks like or contains blood or blood cells. For example blood containing drainage is also known as sanguineous drainages.

Exudate is a fluid that drains out of the blood capillaries and gills the surrounding tissues with it. Whereas transudate drains out with pressure from the tissues and fills the extracellular tissue with it.

Exudate results from injury or inflammatory response. Whereas transudate is a result of change in hydrostatic or osmotic pressure.

Exudate contains large number of protein while transudate contains comparatively less protein in it.

Exudate is a cloudy fluid that can contain pus akong with blood, whereas transudate is a clear liquid of solvent

Exudate gives positive test to Rivalta\'s test while transudate don\'t give positive test with Rivaltas.

GPC or gram positive cocci in clusters are typically staphylococcus Bacteria. Example Staphylococcus aureus

Whereas GPC in chains are known as streptococcus bacteria. Example Streptococcus pneumonia. these are usually commensal bacteria.

Both type of GPC donot produce spores.

Latex agglutination test is preferred over conventional culture method because it helps to identify the fastidious microbes like influenza virus etc. Latex test is highly sensitive and specific and rapid than culture method.