How does insulin glucagon epinephrine and cortisol influence

How does insulin, glucagon, epinephrine and cortisol influence substrate utilization during a bout of moderate intensity exercise in a fasted state?

Solution

During a moderate exercise at fasted rate, the consumption of glucose is faster than normal speed. Initially body glucose and stored ATP utilize directly. Insulin production stops and its blood level starts to down. That is necessary because insulin converts glucose into glycogen. In place of that glucagon hormone starts to increase for converting glycogen into glucoses. That type of exercise also needs good blood flow which facilitates by epinephrine. Epinephrine starts to secrete during exercise and binds to Gprotein receptors of cells. That leads in production of glycogen phosphorylase through the cascade and then starts the production of glucose from glycogen, for ATP production. Regulatory cortisol production also helps in activation of glycogen phosphorylase. After utilizing maximum glycogen, cortisol hormone starts to release. That causes the production of glucose through gluconeogenesis.