Chordin Tolloid and Sizzled all play important roles in BMP

Chordin, Tolloid and Sizzled all play important roles in BMP signal regulation. Discuss Name the three embryonic germ layers and briefly discuss how the BMP-Chordin axis determines the fate of one of these germ layers

Solution

Ques-1: In Xenopus embryos, the cell differentiation of ectodermal and mesodermal layers are mainly through the dorso- ventral axis and this differentiation is determined by the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) where cells are mainly exposed in the excellylar region. Therefore, chordin activity (chondrin and Noggin are released by Spearmann organizer) has mainly increased and tolloid family members can control these chondrin activity to promote BMPs in generating organ systems such as blood or neural tubes. Sizzeled and chonrin activities are mainly according to BMP gradient during gastrulation of embryonic development in xenopus

Answer: Ques-2:

Three embryonic layers: ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm

The BMP-chondrin axis is going to determine the fate of formation of ectoderm or mesoderm organ formation for example, inhibition of BMP is leading to formation of neural tube from mesoderm instead of blood. Therefore, the factors such as Noggin, chondrin are going to be regulated by these BMP factors during embryonic development