The image to the right shows a cell captured using a fluores

The image to the right shows a cell captured using a fluorescence microscope. Explain how fluorescence, microscopy and how it differs from transmission electron microscopy. Provide a brief description of the process by which the body derives energy from food. Include in your description the three stages of how food is broken down, where each occurs, and indicate the type and number of activated energy carriers generated at each stage. Our bodies can make glucose by mechanisms other than from the breakdown of food. Briefly explain the two ways in which glucose is made other than through glycolysis. Describe how mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar. Name and describe the process by which these organelles are thought to be have evolved from bacteria. Name three types of weak non covalent chemical bonds, describe how they differ from each other and for one of the bonds explain the cellular function it is involved in.

Solution

Answer= many substances absorb light some of them after absorbing a light of particular wavelenth & energy emit light of longer wavelenth .& lesser energy such a substances are called as fluorescent substances

Application of this phenomenon is the basis of fluorescence microscopy

working = In fluorescent microscope a high intensity mercury arc lamp is used as light source

It emits white light to pass through it & blocks out all other components

A dichromic mirror which reflects blue light but allows green light is used on the path of blue light

The mirror is fixed at such an angle that the blue light is reflected downward to the specimen

The specimen is previously stain with a fluroscent dye such as acridine orange NO , acridine yellow

The portion which retains the fluorescent dye absorb blue light & emit green light

The emitted green light goes upward & passes through the dichroic mirror

It reflects black blue light & allows only green light to pass throught it

Then light reaches a barrier filter

it allows green light to pass to eye & blocks any residual blue light from specimen

Thus eye perceives the stain portion of the specimen as glowing green object against a jet black background whereas unstained portions remains invisible

Difference between Fluorescence & transmission microscopy=

1] flurosnt-used to study properties of organic and inorganic material which posses property of fluroscence

TEM-useful in studiend virus,bacteria,ultrastructure of cell component.

2] FM-used specifically in diagnostic test such as immmunofluroscence.

TEM-due to high magnification and high resolution widely used in biological,medical and research work.

3] FLM-the resolving power of these microscope is low

TEM has resolving power of these microscope is high.

4] In fluorecnce microscopy= fluorescence substances are used

In TEM= High beam of electrons are used