How do serological tests allow microbiologists to identify c

How do serological tests allow microbiologists to identify certain species of bacteria?

Nucleic acids inside the microbes are bound by antibodies

Stains are used to see the key features of the cell wall

Antiserum contains proteins that cause the clumping of a specific species of bacteria

The bacterial genome can be detected through nucleic acid amplification

		Nucleic acids inside the microbes are bound by antibodies
		Stains are used to see the key features of the cell wall
		Antiserum contains proteins that cause the clumping of a specific species of bacteria
		The bacterial genome can be detected through nucleic acid amplification

Solution

Identification of the bacteria are done by: Staining of the cell wall of the bacteria by gram stain, ZN staining. Fluorescence antibody technique identification by the surface antigens.so antigens bind to antibodies. Resistance of the organism to heat and disinfectants is tested, both for vegetative and spore forms. Metabolism, need of oxigen and carbon dioxide, production of heamolysis helps for classification. By using antisera we can identify organisms by agglutination and other serological reactions. Bacterial genome also detected by nucleic acid amplification. Other tests like fermentation, hydrolysis are some times employed. Hence, the serological reactions detect the antigenic structure by using specific antisera by agglutination. For specific serological reactions answer is option 3. For identification of bacteria all are correct.