Describe or explain the human transcriptome particularily wh

Describe or explain the human transcriptome, particularily what it tells us when we compare its sequences to the genomic sequences.

Solution

Answer:

Human Transcriptome: A human transcriptome is the collection of all gene transcripts (that is RNA molecule) present in a cell. For transcriptome, the DNA is first transcribed to RNA by RNA polymerase and then mature transcripts are generated by a mechanism called as splicing in which the introns are removed and only exons are left. Transcriptome includes large diversity of RNA molecules - mRNA, tRNA, rRNA and other non-coding RNAs transcribed in cell. Depending upon the cell type and differentiation state of the cell, the total number of transcripts and the number of unique genes can vary from cell to cell. mRNA expression levels can vary considerably in cells (hundreds to several thousands to only a few).

What it tells us when we compare its sequences to the genomic sequences: Even though nearly all cells contains the same genes, however the analysis of RNA sequence in a cell can provide information on the expression levels on gene in different cells and tissues. Transcriptome study helps to understand the complexity of cells as same genome can give rise to different cell types via gene up regulation and down regulation (differential gene expression). Analysis of transcriptome provides valuable insights related to sequence variation, transcription regulation mechanism, alternate splicing etc.