1 An advocacy group in Nairobi is petitioning the Kenya phar

1. An advocacy group in Nairobi is petitioning the Kenya pharmacists, drugs and poisons board to stop the use of low-dosage antimicrobial agents used to enhance the growth of cattle and chickens. Why is the group against this practice? 2. Mr. Kombo is a 45 year old man who is recovering from emergency gastric surgery. He has a history of heavy drinking and cigarette smoking. His post-operative pain is being controlled by a patient controlled analgesic device and he is beginning to mobilize with assistance. What factors may influence Mr. Kombo’s ability to metabolize and excrete any drugs he is prescribed during his post-operative recovery? 3. Mwanaisha Krapf is an elderly woman on many different medicines to manage her complex health needs. One of her medicines is ibuprofen for her knee pain. She is also on Warfarin for her atrial fibrillation. Using the BNF, identify any possible interactions between these drugs and whether or not suitable alternatives or further prescribing may be necessary. If you are not accessible to any BNF handbook then try using the internet.

4. Make short notes on:

a. Aciclovir

b. Amantadine amphotericin

c. Griseofulvin

d. Azoles

Solution

Q.1 Stop the use of low-dosage antimicrobial agents used to enhance the growth of cattle and chickens. Why is the group against this practice?

Answer:-There may be the following reasons:-

For example use of enrofloxin in poultry withdrawn by US-FDA. Because it was decreasing the effect of antibiotic in humans

Q.2 what factors may influence Mr. Kombo’s ability to metabolize and excrete any drugs he is prescribed during his post-operative recovery?

Various factors are related with this including age, psychological characteristics, opiod dependency, concurrent disorder and inappropriateness of PCA. Purpose of providing this device is to regulated, schedule and self administration of drug to patients. So much take care is required for patient under treatment of using PCA.

Q.3 Results of interaction in between ibuprofen and warfarin. Whether or not suitable alternatives or further prescribing may be necessary.

Answer: - Ibuprofen is a anti-inflammatory drug which used to treat fever, pain and inflammation. For example migraines and rheumatoid arthritis. It causes the heartburn, rashes and less common side effects of gastrointestinal bleeding. Warfarin is anticoagulant which used to reduce the formation of clot. Blood clot results in heart attack or stroke. Clinical research study concluded that the combination of these drugs may cause the serious problems. When anti-inflammatory drug interact with anti-coagulant drug it cause the bleeding complication.

Q4. Make short notes:-