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Previous studies suggest that vegetarians may not receive enough zinc in their diets. As the zinc requirement is particularly important during pregnancy, researchers conducted a study to determine whether vegetarian pregnant women are at greater risk from low zinc levels than are nonvegetarian pregnant women. 22 women were monitored. The following table presents the zinc levels (ug/g) in the hair of three groups of women. (Data from J. C. King. Nutrition 34 (1981): 1049-1055.) How many degrees of freedom for the Between Groups calculation? How many degrees of freedom for the Within Groups calculation? F = Critical value of F = (use alpha = 0.05) Should you reject the null hypothesis?

Solution

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Between Groups = 3-1=2

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Within Groups= 22-3 =19

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F=MSR/MSE= 3.10074

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Given a=0.05, the critical value is F(0.95, df1=2, df2=19) =3.521893 (from F table)

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No, we do not reject the null hypothesis.

ANOVA table
Source	SS	df	MS	F	p-value
Treatment	2,022.44	2	1,011.222	3.10	.0683
Error	6,196.33	19	326.123
Total	8,218.77	21