18-22
 Resistance to the flow of electrons produce  a. electricity  b. voltage  c. light d. heat  The amount of head produced by a welding are is determined by the  a. amperage b. wattage  c. voltage d. capacitance  A work clamp  a. may have power losses that should be ignored.  b. reduces welding efficiency.  c. must not clamp too tightly to the material  d. should be carefully touched occasionally to determine if it is not  A 60% duty cycle means that the machine can be used a total of  minutes out of every ten minutes at the maximum rated current.  a. two b. six  c. eight d. ten  The shielded metal arc welding machine\'s voltage output  as it current.  a. decreases, decreases b. increases, increases  c. increases, decreases d. decreases, increases  The head produced by a rectifier  .
18. (d) Resistance to the flow of electrons produces Heat which is also known as Joule Heating.
 19. (a) Amperage. Heat produced H = I2Rt, where I is the current, R is the resitance and t is the time
 20. (d) Heat can build up in work clamp which reduces the efficiency of welding, that is why the clamp should be touched occasionally to check if it overheated.
 21. (b) 60% duty cycle of 10 minutes means 0.6*10 = 6 minutes.
 22. (d) Voltage and current has inverse relationship.