critically evaluate the features and advantages of database

critically evaluate the features and advantages of database management systems ?

Solution

Database Management System:
A database is an organized collection of data. It is the collection of schemas, tables, queries, reports, views, and other objects. The data are typically organized
to model aspects of reality in a way that supports processes requiring information. Database Management System or DBMS in short refers to the technology of storing
and retrieving users’ data with utmost efficiency along with appropriate security measures.
The features of Database Management System are:-
1. The DBMS provides users and programmers with a systematic way to create, retrieve, update and manage data.
2. The DBMS essentially serves as an interface between the database and end users or application programs, ensuring that data is consistently organized and remains
easily accessible.
3. The DBMS can offer both logical and physical data independence.

Without database management system we cannot think of our lives. It has many useful areas such as-
1. Data abstraction and independence
2. Data security
3. A locking mechanism for concurrent access
4. An efficient handler to balance the needs of multiple applications using the same data
5. The ability to swiftly recover from crashes and errors, including restartability and recoverability
6. Robust data integrity capabilities
7. Logging and auditing of activity
8. Simple access using a standard application programming interface (API)
9. Uniform administration procedures for data

The advantages are-
1. In file system, each application has its own private files, which cannot be shared between multiple applications this can often lead to considerable redundancy
in the stored data, which results in wastage of storage space. By having centralized database most of this can be avoided.
2. Integrity of data means that data in database is always accurate, such that incorrect information cannot be stored in database. In order to maintain the integrity
of data, some integrity constraints are enforced on the database. A DBMS should provide capabilities for defining and enforcing the constraints.
3. When the same data is duplicated and changes are made at one site, which is not propagated to the other site, it gives rise to inconsistency and the two entries
regarding the same data will not agree. At such times the data is said to be inconsistent. So, if the redundancy is removed chances of having inconsistent data is also removed.