81 In what design is the cause and effect argument strongest

81, In what design is the cause and effect argument strongest?

A. experimental design

B. quasi-experimental design

C. pre-experimental design

D. correlational design

Solution

In what design is the cause-and-effect argument strongest?

A. experimental design

Unique Features of Experiments:

1. The investigator manipulates a variable directly (the independent variable).

2. Empirical observations based on experiments provide the strongest argument for cause-effect relationships.