QUESTION 1 What is the effect of including ACALL DELAY in th

QUESTION: 1. What is the effect of including ACALL DELAY in the program? 2. Explain how DELAY routine works. 3. In procedure C, replace SETB by SET. Translate the program and observe the report in the Build Window. What happen in the program? 4. What are the used of the following co found in the program/software, a. Build Target and Rebuild All Target Files b. Translate and Debug 5. What is the effect of using symbol H in the values of registers R5 and R7? 6. Is the command for data transfer instruction evident in the program of procedure Why 7. What are the use of following commands a. MOV b. ADD C. SJMP d. ORG.

Solution

NOTE: You asked many question and they have subparts too.due to chegg rules and spefic time iwill ans as much i can,ask unasnwered question seprately.

1;)
ACALL (absolute call) is one of the control transfer instruction is the CALL instruction, which is used to call a subroutine. Subroutines are often used to perform tasks that need to be performed frequently. which makes a program more structured in addition to saving memory space.ACALL allows you to jump to a subroutine within the same 2K page rather than LCALL allows you to jump to a subroutine anywhere in the 64K code space.ACALL ultimately saves the memory on the rom and more program execute effectively and DEALY will pause flow of a program proceeds sequentially, from instruction to instruction, unless a control transfer and it will resume after defined specific time then instruction is executed. The various types of control transfer instructions in Assembly language include conditional and unconditional jumps, and call instructions.Which will be hand heald by ACALL DEALY.

7;)
a) MOV
function: Move Memory
Syntax:   MOV operand1,operand2

MOV copies the value of operand2 into operand1. The value of operand2 is not affected. Both operand1 and operand2 must be in Internal RAM. No flags are affected unless the instruction is moving the value of a bit into the carry bit in which case the carry bit is affected or unless the instruction is moving a value into the PSW register contains all the program flags.

b)ADD
Function:   Add Accumulator
Syntax:   ADD A,operand
ADD add the value operand to the value of the Accumulator, leaving the resulting value in the Accumulator. The value operand is not affected. ADD does not add the Carry flag to the result.

The Carry bit (C) is set if there is a carry-out of bit 7. In other words, if the unsigned summed value of the Accumulator, operand carry is set ,otherwise the Carry bit is cleared.

The Auxillary Carry (AC) bit is set if there is a carry-out of bit 3. In other words, if the unsigned summed value of the low nibble of the Accumulator, operand the Auxillary Carry flag is set. Otherwise, the Auxillary Carry flag is cleared.

The Overflow (OV) bit is set if there is a carry-out of bit 6 or out of bit 7, but not both.If the addition of the Accumulator, operand the Overflow flag is set. Otherwise, the Overflow flag is cleared.

c)SJMP
Function:   Short Jump
Syntax:   SJMP reladdr
SJMP jumps unconditionally to the address specified reladdr. Reladdr must be within -128 or +127 bytes of the instruction that follows the SJMP instruction.

d)ORG
The ORG statement can be thought of as the word \"origin\", which means a starting point. while you are programming, you want certain portions of your program to be located at specific addresses. For instance, when power is applied to the processor, the reset boot-vector has a specific address that the processor will start from. In the 8051\'s, this is address 0x0000.
the ORG assembly statement can locate a program starting from anywhere you want.

2:)
Dealy routine
in an 8051 microcontroller, it requires 12 cycles of the processor clock for executing a single instruction cycle.
For an 8051 microcontroller clocked by a 12MHz crystal, the time taken for executing one instruction cycle is 1µS and,Time for 1 instruction cycle= 12 /12MHz = 1µS.
The shortest instructions will execute in 1µS and other instructions will take 2 or more micro seconds depending up on the size of the instruction.a time delay of any magnitude can be generated by looping suitable instructions a required number of time. Any way, keep one thing in mind that software delay is not very accurate because we cannot exactly predict how much time its takes for executing a single instruction. Generally an instruction will be executed in the theoretical amount of time but some times it may advance or retard due to other reasons. Therefore it is better to use 8051 Timer for generating delay in time critical applications. How ever software delay routines are very easy to develop and well enough for less critical and simple applications.