How long does it take to receive the entire page if the conn

How long does it take to receive the entire page if the connection is non-persistent?

Solution

Generally speaking, people who do not like to hassle with restaurant reservations prefer packet switching to circuit switching. Let us look at a simple example. Suppose users share a 1 Mbps link. Also suppose that each user alternates between periods of activity (when it generates data at a constant rate of 100Kbits/sec) and periods of inactivity (when it generates no data). Suppose further that a user is active only 10% of the time (and is idle drinking coffee during the remaining 90% of the time). With circuit-switching, 100 Kbps must be reserved for each user at all times. Thus, the link can support only ten simultaneous users. With packet switching, if there are 35 users, the probability that there are 10 or more simultaneously active users is less than .0004.

If there are 10 or less simultaneously active users (which happens with probability .9996), the aggregate arrival rate of data is less than 1Mbps (the output rate of the link). Thus, users\' packets flow through the link essentially without delay, as is the case with circuit switching. When there are more than 10 simultaneously active users, then the aggregate arrival rate of packets will exceed the output capacity of the link, and the output queue will begin to grow (until the aggregate input rate falls back below 1Mbps, at which point the queue will begin to diminish in length). Because the probability of having ten or more simultaneously active users is very very small, packet-switching almost always has the same delay performance as circuit switching, but does so while allowing for more than three times the number of users.